8  Health Behaviors

This chapter examines your social media use patterns and positive health behavior profile. As health communicators, understanding your own relationship with social media — including potential problematic use — is essential for designing effective campaigns on digital platforms. Your health behaviors provide context for how lifestyle factors intersect with communication patterns.

ImportantPH 322 — Week 9: Channels

This week focuses on selecting communication channels (social media platforms) for your health campaign. Your social media use scores and platform preferences help you understand your own digital behavior and design channel strategies that reach diverse audiences.


8.1 Social Media

Social media use is a critical consideration for health communicators. This section pairs two complementary measures: Social Media Addiction, which captures problematic patterns of social media engagement, and Social Media Hours, which quantifies the raw time spent on platforms each day. Together, these indicators reveal both the quantity and quality of your social media relationship.

Constructs

  • Social Media Addiction (adapted from the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale; Andreassen et al., 2012): Measures problematic social media use, including interference with social life and daily activities, agitation when unable to use social media, unsuccessful attempts to reduce use, and spending more time than intended.
  • Social Media Hours: Self-reported daily time spent on social media platforms (hours per day).

Measures

  • Social Media Addiction: 5 items rated on a 7-point scale: 1 = Totally Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Slightly Disagree, 4 = Neutral, 5 = Slightly Agree, 6 = Agree, 7 = Totally Agree. Higher scores indicate more problematic social media use.
  • Social Media Hours: A single item asking how many hours per day you spend on social media (continuous).

Example item (Addiction):

  • “My social life has suffered because of my interaction on social media.”

Your Scores

Social Media: Addiction Scale & Daily Hours
Password SM Addiction SM Addiction (%) SM Hours SM Hours (%)
$iorrZZ2425! 2.8 11% (low) 9 87% (high)
'@Auliebear224757328el 3.8 37% (mid) 5 54% (mid)
Benny2013 5.6 95% (high) 3 10% (low)
Birth2005 4.4 63% (mid) 1 0% (low)
Biscuit1227 4.0 45% (mid) 5 54% (mid)
Damilola1976 4.0 45% (mid) 5 54% (mid)
December1912 5.2 92% (high) 11 97% (high)
Goodwin7292()! 5.0 87% (high) 4 38% (mid)
Littlekitty1019 3.4 24% (low) 6 69% (high)
Strawberryhamburger3 3.4 24% (low) 6 69% (high)
Tinawatsonqwe1 5.0 87% (high) 11 97% (high)
biotinISneeded2313! 1.0 0% (low) 3 10% (low)
health1248 3.6 32% (low) 9 87% (high)
jelly1909 4.8 76% (high) 7 82% (high)
kyunkyun3890 3.6 32% (low) 5 54% (mid)

Class Distribution

Social Media: Addiction scale and daily hours side by side. Dashed lines = 33rd and 67th percentiles.

8.2 Lifestyle Health

Sleep and exercise are foundational lifestyle behaviors that directly impact physical and mental health. This section pairs Sleep (hours per night) and Exercise (days of physical activity per week) to give you a snapshot of two key health behaviors that influence energy, cognition, stress management, and overall well-being.

Constructs

  • Sleep: Self-reported average hours of sleep per night. Adequate sleep (typically 7–9 hours for adults) is associated with better cognitive performance, emotional regulation, and immune function.
  • Exercise: Self-reported number of days per week with physical activity. Regular exercise is one of the strongest predictors of both physical and mental health outcomes.

Measures

  • Sleep: A single item asking how many hours of sleep you typically get per night (continuous).
  • Exercise: A single item asking how many days per week you engage in physical activity (0–7 days).

Your Scores

Lifestyle Health: Sleep & Exercise
Password Sleep (hrs) Sleep (%) Exercise (days) Exercise (%)
$iorrZZ2425! 8 26% (low) 2 28% (low)
'@Auliebear224757328el 7 8% (low) 4 41% (mid)
Benny2013 8 26% (low) 0 0% (low)
Birth2005 8 26% (low) 6 59% (mid)
Biscuit1227 8 26% (low) 7 90% (high)
Damilola1976 6 0% (low) 7 90% (high)
December1912 9 69% (high) 6 59% (mid)
Goodwin7292()! 8 26% (low) 6 59% (mid)
Littlekitty1019 8 26% (low) 3 31% (low)
Strawberryhamburger3 9 69% (high) 3 31% (low)
Tinawatsonqwe1 7 8% (low) 1 21% (low)
biotinISneeded2313! 7 8% (low) 6 59% (mid)
health1248 7 8% (low) 4 41% (mid)
jelly1909 9 69% (high) 0 0% (low)
kyunkyun3890 7 8% (low) 6 59% (mid)

Class Distribution

Lifestyle Health: Sleep and Exercise side by side. Dashed lines = 33rd and 67th percentiles.

8.3 Mental Health

Stress and life satisfaction are complementary indicators of mental well-being. Stress captures the burden of daily pressures, while Life Satisfaction reflects a broader cognitive evaluation of how well life is going. These two measures often move in opposite directions — higher stress tends to accompany lower life satisfaction — and together they provide a more complete picture of your psychological health.

Constructs

  • Stress: Self-reported stress level on a 0–10 scale. Higher scores indicate greater perceived stress.
  • Life Satisfaction: Overall satisfaction with life, reflecting a global cognitive judgment about one’s quality of life.

Measures

  • Stress: A single item rated from 0 = No Stress to 10 = Extreme Stress.
  • Life Satisfaction: A single item rated on a 6-point scale: 1 = Strongly Disagree to 6 = Strongly Agree.

Your Scores

Mental Health: Stress & Life Satisfaction
Password Stress Stress (%) Life Satisfaction Life Sat (%)
$iorrZZ2425! 5 33% (low) 5 33% (low)
'@Auliebear224757328el 6 49% (mid) 5 33% (low)
Benny2013 6 49% (mid) 6 90% (high)
Birth2005 9 97% (high) 5 33% (low)
Biscuit1227 4 8% (low) 5 33% (low)
Damilola1976 8 85% (high) 4 8% (low)
December1912 4 8% (low) 5 33% (low)
Goodwin7292()! 7 67% (high) 4 8% (low)
Littlekitty1019 4 8% (low) 4 8% (low)
Strawberryhamburger3 8 85% (high) 2 0% (low)
Tinawatsonqwe1 8 85% (high) 4 8% (low)
biotinISneeded2313! 7 67% (high) 5 33% (low)
health1248 6 49% (mid) 4 8% (low)
jelly1909 5 33% (low) 5 33% (low)
kyunkyun3890 4 8% (low) 3 3% (low)

Class Distribution

Mental Health: Stress and Life Satisfaction side by side. Dashed lines = 33rd and 67th percentiles.

8.4 Subjective Health

Subjective health assessments capture how you perceive your own physical and mental health overall. Health Status and Mental Health Status are widely used single-item measures in public health research because they are strong predictors of objective health outcomes, healthcare utilization, and mortality. These self-ratings reflect an integrated judgment that incorporates factors you may not consciously articulate.

Constructs

  • Health Status: Self-rated overall physical health, ranging from Poor to Excellent.
  • Mental Health Status: Self-rated overall mental health, ranging from Poor to Excellent.

Measures

  • Health Status: A single item rated on a 5-point scale: 1 = Poor, 2 = Fair, 3 = Good, 4 = Very Good, 5 = Excellent.
  • Mental Health Status: A single item rated on a 5-point scale: 1 = Poor, 2 = Fair, 3 = Good, 4 = Very Good, 5 = Excellent.

Your Scores

Subjective Health: Health Status & Mental Health Status
Password Health Status Health Status (%) Mental Health Mental Health (%)
$iorrZZ2425! 5 92% (high) 3 41% (mid)
'@Auliebear224757328el 3 5% (low) 4 85% (high)
Benny2013 3 5% (low) 3 41% (mid)
Birth2005 3 5% (low) 3 41% (mid)
Biscuit1227 5 92% (high) 5 95% (high)
Damilola1976 3 5% (low) 2 5% (low)
December1912 3 5% (low) 2 5% (low)
Goodwin7292()! 4 59% (mid) 2 5% (low)
Littlekitty1019 3 5% (low) 2 5% (low)
Strawberryhamburger3 3 5% (low) 1 0% (low)
Tinawatsonqwe1 3 5% (low) 2 5% (low)
biotinISneeded2313! 5 92% (high) 3 41% (mid)
health1248 3 5% (low) 3 41% (mid)
jelly1909 3 5% (low) 3 41% (mid)
kyunkyun3890 2 0% (low) 2 5% (low)

Class Distribution

Subjective Health: Health Status and Mental Health Status side by side. Dashed lines = 33rd and 67th percentiles.

Chapter Summary: All Health Behavior Indicators

Chapter Summary: Eight health behavior indicators across four domains.

References

Andreassen, C. S., Torsheim, T., Brunborg, G. S., & Pallesen, S. (2012). Development of a Facebook addiction scale. Psychological Reports, 110(2), 501–517. https://doi.org/10.2466/02.09.18.PR0.110.2.501-517